Narrative text

Narrative Text
Someone tells a narrative text in order to entertain, stimulate emotion or to teach.
A narrative text has three elements or parts :
1. The orientation introduces main characters in a setting of place and time. It tells about : the story’s setting , the time when the story happens, and the main characters of the story.
2. The complications tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them. Series of events ( It includes situations, activities, or events that lead to the climax or complication. )
3. The Resolution tells the ending of the story (The complication or problem is solved here. It shows the end of the story, usually a happy ending ).
A narrative text uses the simple past tense.

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Surprise & Disbelief

Definition

Surprises and disbelief is an expression that we show/say when know/hear/see something that rather difficult to believe.

Expressing Surprise:

• Wow! What a surprise!
• That's a surprise!
• That's very surprising!
• Really?
• What?
• Are you serious? You must be joking!
• You're kidding!
• Fancy that!
• I must say it surprise me
• I find it hard to believe

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Direct speech & Indirect speec

Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech).

We use quotation marks (“______________”) and it should be word for word.

For example:

Nicky said, “It’s hot”.

Or

“It’s hot,” Nicky said.

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.

Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.

The tense usually changes when reporting speech. This is because we are usually talking about a time in the past and obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past.

The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

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GRATITUDE,COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION

Gratitude is also called thanking.

We say "thank you" when people give us something, give a compliment, wish us something, etc.

Expressing Gratitude:

• I should like to express my gratitude
• Thank you very much
• Thank for your help
• How can I thank you?
• I'm very grateful to you
• I can't thank you enough
• I'm very much obliged to you

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Invitation ( written )

Most spore invitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will,would,would you like to,would you care to,etc
Offerins invitation
->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?

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Asking For Information

Asking Information There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:
· Could you tell me…?
· Do you know…?
· Do you happen to know…?
· I’d like to know…
· Could you find out…?
· I’m interested in…
· I’m looking for..

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MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

Modals in the Past form dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau.
Modals in the past are :
1. Could
2. Would
3. Should
4. Shall
*Could + Verb base

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